Gender, Racial, Violence, And Other Forms Of Discrimination

Eric Vasquez Mrs. Fishman English 11CP 8 May 2015 English Multigenre Charlotte Bunch once said â€Å"Sexual, racial, gender, violence, and other forms of discrimination and violence in a culture cannot be eliminated without changing culture.† Our society experiences all of these problems and I would like to focus on the gender perspective in the 21st century and how women have had more of an influence in music than people actually realize. Men have dominated the music industry and business but women have been the underlying reason as for why men and other females have been so successful in the music scene. One of the first great jazz musicians ever to live was Louis Armstrong, known for his singing, trumpet playing, and his creation of improvisation. Armstrong started playing at age 13 and ten years later married Lil Hardin who made a name for herself as a South Side song plugger and a jazz pianist before she met Armstrong. 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Australian Industrial Relations Qantas Industrial Dispute

Question: Describe about the Australian Industrial Relations for Qantas Industrial Dispute. Answer: Introduction: In this paper we discuss the Qantas industrial dispute, one of the biggest employer relation disputes in Australia. This industrial dispute is in the headlines of newspapers all over the world, after the step taken by the airline company in October 2011. In 2011, company announced about the proposed lockout of its large number of employees. From the point of view of security regarding job flexibility in employment, this dispute plays an important part in Australia for some period of time. This dispute will result in change in the legislation, so that affected party can apply for protection. Qantas industrial dispute affect the workplace provisions in Australia for long period of time. In this paper, we examine the facts and background of Qantas dispute, and the applicability of the provisions of Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). In this we discuss the issue involved in the dispute and in last how this dispute will resolved. The Qantas dispute: Parties Involved in Qantas Dispute: This industrial dispute is between Qantas Ltd (Qantas), and three trade unions which are Transport Workers Union (TWU), the Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) and the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association (ALAEA). Background and Facts of the dispute: In 2010 august, Qantas entered into an agreement with ALAEA in may 2011 with TWU in a position which is defensive. Qantas entered into agreement with these unions so that it remain competitive in acclimate which becomes difficult for aviation industry at global level. Qantas also entered into agreement with AIPA. These unions states following matters in their agreements: TWU covers employees related to ramp and baggage handling, and also catering staff employed by the Qantas and other related entities, AIPA cover pilots employed by Qantas for long routes, and ALAEA cover all the aircraft engineers who have license. All these three unions mainly focus on the security of the jobs of their members instead of wages requirements and employment environment, because of the actions taken by Qantas in recent years for increasing the efficiency in its operations by reducing the labor cost. The main claim of AIPA was that Qantas employed only those pilots who could operate any flight with the QF code; TWU wants to restrict the power of Qantas to contract out functions of the job, and ALAEA wants commitment from the company that company retain the maintenance of functions performance for aircraft engineers who have licensed. ALAEA further wants to carry out the checks for maintenance for A380 aircraft. The actual concern of these unions was the employment security, and this concern was the main reason of this dispute (Austlii, n.d.). At the early stages of these agreements with three unions, Qantas expressed that they are not giving any surety regarding the employment security, because such sureties violates the rights of management to run the business as they think fit. Qantas said that no company in this era gives job security for life time. On 29th October of 2011, Qantas Ltd announced that from 31st October of 2011, Qantas lock out large number of employees in their company which include all licensed engineers, ramp staff, baggage handlers and all pilots whether for domestic or international flights. Qantas further specified that only those aircrafts reach their destinations which are currently in air, and stop all other departures whether domestic or international. Qantas state that this lock out will remain in force till the three trade unions that is Transport Workers Union (TWU), the Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) and the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association (ALAEA) agree to leave the demands which are impossible to fulfill, and which made agreement impossible to complete. This lock out was a legal response action taken by employer under the Fair Work Act. This action was a legal response to the action taken by the three unions: ALAEA: Qantas restrict the third party labor contractors. Qantas ensure heavy maintenance facility of staff. That Qantas exclude the competitors of ALAEA from conducting certain functions. ALAEA wants to access the productivity improvements of Qantas including those which are relate to technology and regulatory changes. TWU: Restrict the third party contractors of Qantas. AIPA: Wants to control the terms and conditions of employment agreement who work in other companies, and for employees who work for Qantas. This lock out was actually a response of the tactics used by the ALAEA TWU. The main aim of this tactic was to inform the company about pending stoppages and when company cancelled the flights and rearrange all the flights and their schedules, unions cancel the stoppage. The affect of this tactic was not god for Qantas, because cost incurred by Qantas reached $68 million and they also suffer loss of $15 million per week. This tactic also affects almost 70000 passengers and cancelled 600 flights. Following tactics are used by the unions: ALAEA proposed stoppage for one hour TWU proposes various types of bans on work and stoppages. AIPA ban the in flight announcements (Smith Howard, 2012). As mentioned earlier, on Saturday 29th October 2011 Qantas issue notice to the three unions, and locked out all the employees who are covered under the agreements proposed by the unions. This lockout was a legal action taken under FW Acts 19(3), in which employer prevent his employees to work under their employment agreement, without terminating those agreements. This action is taken by employer and considered as protected industrial action. Section 411 states that such actions can be organized as a response to industrial action taken by employees or their representatives. After announcing this lock out, Alan Joyce CEO of Qantas said that we are forced to take this action, because we have to end this issue. We have adopted the option of protected industrial action, so that unions done sensible ad fair deals with the Qantas. This lock out was essential for the running of the airline. However, the main purpose of this lock out was to end the dispute by creating such situation in which federal government interfere and take a charge. According to Qantas actions taken by three unions are coordinated which not only damage the profitability of company and its customers, but also affect the Australian community at large number. Critics described the strategies of unions as slow bakes of Qantas. The abovementioned claims of these unions not only affect the profitability and flexibility of company, but also some of these claims are not legally valid. Qantas continuously oppose these claims during the period of 14 months. After analyzing the above facts it is clear that this lock out was initiated by Qantas to bought the matter before FWA, so that better outcomes can be achieved. Hearing before FWA: After few hours of announcement of lock out made by Qantas, the Federal Government of Australia makes application under section 424 of the FW Act before the FWA. This application gets support of various governments such as Victoria, NSW and Queensland. Government make application under section 424(1) (d) which states that if FWC is satisfied that protected industrial action is threatening, and can cause damage to the economy of Australia (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, n.d.). In this case the aviation and tourism industry is affected. This termination was provided to give short period of time to Qantas and all three unions to conclude the agreements. If they are fail to conclude the agreements then FWA would resolve the matter by arbitration. In this case government put an argument that if FWA is not agreed to terminate the action of Qantas, then FWA should impose a suspension on all the protected actions at least for ninety days. FWA listed this application before the full bench of Giudice J, Watson SDP and Roe C at 10: PM on 29th October 2011. Arguments for this case were heard by the bench till the early morning of the next day. The evidences related the damage suffered by the Australian economy in case of proceeds of lockout from the Mike Mrdak, Secretary of Department of Infrastructure and Transport and Drew Clarke, Secretary of Department of Resources, and collectively these evidences are testified and show: Qantas hold 65% industry of domestic aviation industry, 20% of international aviation industry, and 80% of services related to airfreight. This lockout directly affects the 50,000 Australian employees related to aviation industry, and also affects the employees related to tourism and other sectors. Lock out also affect the contribution of tourism in Australian economy which is around $24 million per annum. Impact on aviation industry also badly affects the other sectors of economy. If this lock out was not ended in 24 hours then tourism and other economic sectors will suffer because of cancellation of international and domestic bookings. FWA does not challenge these evidences because damage to Australian economy was not in question. The main issue was whether FWA should terminate the lockout and union protected actions or not. On the basis of the above evidences full bench decided that in this case requirements of section 424 of the FW Act are met. Therefore, bench decided to terminate all the protected industrial action related to proposed agreements. Bench further decided that all the parties to the dispute required resuming the provisions of agreements within 21 days or agree with the outcomes determined by FWA (Sangkuhl, 2011). The full bench further noted that tribunal helps the parties to the dispute in solving their matter and reach the agreement during the time provided by the tribunal. According to FW act it is not necessary that tribunal interfere in these matters, but in this case tribunal help the parties by arranging discussions regarding the agreements. After the so many efforts, parties to the dispute do not reach any agreement during the negotiated period of 21 days. In fact two parties TWU AIPA wants to extend the period for extra 21 days. But Qantas want to adopt the option of arbitration. According to section 266 of the FWA if parties to the dispute do not reach the agreement during the negotiating period after the post industrial action, and that negotiating period is not increased for further 21 days then tribunal can go for arbitration on the basis of grounds mentioned under pt 2-5 div 3 (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, n.d.). When dispute was solved under arbitration CEO of Qantas indicated that they accept the decision of FWA. The Qantas and the three unions initiate discussion to identify the issues in the agreement which they can solve at their own level and which issues they want to take in the arbitration proceedings. On 119th December 2011, announcement was made by the ALAEA Qantas that they reach the agreement and resolve their dispute. They further announced that their new agreement is for four years and it include 3% increment in the annual pay, but this agreement does not include any provision related to guarantee of job security provided by Qantas. ALAEA also said that they are not able to secure the commitment related to retain A380 heavy maintenance functions within Australia. On the same day parties submitted that agreement to FWA, and also parties requested the tribunal to take the action under section 266 after consist the conditions which are agreed between them. In 2012, dispute between the Qantas and the TWU AIPA were brought in the arbitration proceedings before the full benches. FWA initiate the hearing of dispute between TWU Qantas in March, and subsequent hearing in May June. Arbitration hearings related to pilots are set out in June, August September. Later on tribunal also solve the issue brought by the AIPA in which he challenged the validity of decisions taken by the FWA on 31st October 2011by ending all the industrial actions in the dispute. On 10th May 2012 Federal Court dismisses the appeal raised by AIPA, and also decides that jurisdictional basis for FWA on which FWA proceed with the arbitration matters of TWU AIPA was confirmed. Tribunal gives its decision in the arbitration matter of TWU on 2nd August 2012. The decision was almost in the favor of Qantas, full bench deny the claims of TWU regarding site rates and restricting the contracting from outside for hiring labor. Full bench also consider the request of the Qantas regarding reducing the labor cost because of the competition in domestic and international level. Qantas announce on the same day that almost 2800 jobs in engineering, maintenance and catering operations are effect because of redundancy (Ashrust, 2012). However, this news was already announced by Qantas before this decision. Full bench also give decision in the matter of AIPA on 17th January 2013 which was also in the favor on Airline Company. In last, we explain the dispute in context with Neo-institutional approach. This case leaves a great impact on the airline industry as well as on the society. Employers learn a lot of things from this dispute. As we have mentioned above that this dispute not only affect the aviation industry, but its impact on the society as well as on economy of Australia was wide. Industrial action taken by Qantas was the protected response of the actions of trade unions. Not only aviation industry, but the tourism and other sectors of economy suffered loss from this lock-out. From the point of view of security regarding job flexibility in employment, this dispute plays an important part in Australia for some period of time. This dispute will result in change in the legislation, so that affected party can apply for protection. Conclusion: In this paper we discuss the employer industrial dispute between Qantas Ltd (Qantas), and three trade unions which are Transport Workers Union (TWU), the Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) and the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association (ALAEA). This dispute was one of the biggest disputes in Australia. In this we discuss the background and facts of this case and effect of this case on the Australian economy. In 2011, Qantas announce lock out which was response of the company against the industrial actions taken by three unions. These lock out not only effect the company and employees but also affect economy of Australia at wider level. After few hours of announcement of lock out made by Qantas, the Federal Government of Australia makes application under section 424 of the FW Act before the FWA. FWA terminate all the industrial actions under this dispute and also decide to help in solving this issue. Later on this dispute was go under arbitration and FW A decide the case in the favor of airline. References: Austlii, Forsyth, Anthony; Stewart, Andrew --- "Of 'Kamikazes' and 'Mad Men': The Fallout from the Qantas Industrial Dispute" [2012] MelbULawRw 20; (2012) 36(3) Melbourne University Law Review 785, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/2012/20.html. Smith, G. Howard, L. (2012), The Qantas dispute: employer's lockout, ministerial intervention and Fair Work Australia's decision, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2012/may/the-qantas-dispute-employer-s-lockout-ministerial-intervention-and-fair-work-australia-s-decision. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, FAIR WORK ACT 2009 - SECT 424, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fwa2009114/s424.html. Sangkuhl, E. (2011), THE FAIR WORK AUSTRALIA DECISION ON QANTAS: ENTRENCHING THE IMBALANCE OF POWER BETWEEN EMPLOYEES ADN EMPLOYERS, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UWSLawRw/2011/9.pdf. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, FAIR WORK ACT 266 - SECT 424, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fwa2009114/s266.html. Ashrust, (2012), Outcome in the long-running Qantas dispute with the Transport Workers Union, Retrieved on 4th October 2016 from: file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/Employment%20Alert%20-%208%20Aug%202012.pdf.

5 Sentences That Should Save the Best Until Last

5 Sentences That Should Save the Best Until Last 5 Sentences That Should Save the Best Until Last 5 Sentences That Should Save the Best Until Last By Mark Nichol English is a flexible enough language that a set of words can be ordered in any of several ways to communicate the same idea. However, in writing as in many other human endeavors just because you can doesn’t mean you should. Here are five sentences rendered more effective by positioning the most important information at the end. 1. â€Å"He had told her that his illegal drugs were actually vitamins for months.† This sentence, like many others that include a misplaced modifier, suffers because it reads as if the perpetrator had told someone that the illegal drugs in his possession were vitamins intended as nutritional supplements for the periods of days known as months, after which they were not so intended. This is a â€Å"You know what I meant† mistake, which is still a mistake. A better rendition one that appropriately positions the modifier directly after the verb it modifies places the key detail in the final position: â€Å"He had told her for months that his illegal drugs were actually vitamins.† 2. â€Å"Outdoor illicit drug markets are free of the stuff and crime bosses say they get the credit, not the government.† What is it about drugs and clumsy sentences? The latter part of the sentence implies that crime bosses say that they get one thing (the credit) and not the other (the government). What the sentence means is that crime bosses are taking credit for the absence of a substance from illicit drug markets; they, not the government, they claim, are responsible for the beneficial result. Placing the two contenders for credit in contrasting parallel, as I did in the previous sentence (and inserting a helpful comma between the two independent clauses), improves the sentence structure and clarifies the meaning: â€Å"Outdoor illicit drug markets are free of the stuff, and crime bosses say they, not the government, should get the credit.† 3. â€Å"He was a member of the team during that series but did not play due to a concussion.† â€Å"He . . . did not play due to a concussion† invites the question â€Å"Why did he play?† But the concussion is the cause of his nonparticipation in the series. The intended meaning becomes clear if the phrase â€Å"due to a concussion† is inserted as an interjection before the key fact (â€Å"he . . . did not play†), rather than confusingly appended to it: â€Å"He was a member of the team during that series but, due to a concussion, did not play.† 4. â€Å"It’s not just losing in the regular season that strengthens your core, but losing in the playoffs as well.† The correction to this sentence may seem to contradict the point of this post. Isn’t â€Å"losing in the playoffs,† rather than â€Å"losing in the regular season,† the point of the statement? Actually, as demonstrated in the previous sentence, contrasting phrases are best positioned together in the midst of a sentence. The key detail is what the two types of losing have in common: â€Å"It’s not just losing in the regular season, but losing in the playoffs as well, that strengthens your core.† 5. â€Å"The longer she stayed, the more interesting and meaningful the experience became, despite the hardships involved.† The false key, however, isn’t always best relegated to the midst of the sentence. Sometimes it’s best to get it out of the way at the beginning: â€Å"Despite the hardships involved, the longer she stayed, the more interesting and meaningful the experience became.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsItalicizing Foreign WordsOne Scissor?

A Book report on Celia, A Slave essays

A Book report on Celia, A Slave essays Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin In the book Celia, A Slave by Melton A. McLaurin, the accounts of one womans life are bound together in a vivid way to relay the circumstances surrounding a female slaves cruel life. The life of this woman named Celia was filled with acts of molestation, rape, murder, and eventual execution. Through the use of court records, correspondences, and newspaper accounts, the author delineated in chronological order the life of Celia: from her purchase by Robert Newsom to her execution on December 21, 1855. When Robert Newsom bought Celia from an unnamed person, the first night that he spent with her he raped Celia. This act was repeated numerously throughout the next five years. It is told to the reader that Celia almost certainly was purchased to replace Newsoms wife who had died months earlier. After years of sexual torment and abuse, Celia killed her master and burned his body to avoid being caught. However, she was caught, tried, and executed for her crime. This of course was not the whole story. Many factors come into play when explaining why Celia murdered Robert Newsom and determining the right course of action for her punishment. The factors influencing Celias behavior can be attributed to the years of rape sustained by Celia. In addition to the emotional instability that encourages Celia to murder Newsom is the ultimatum given by Celias lover, George, to quit the old man (30) or risk losing him as a companion. Also, many people had the opportunity to stand up for Celia and stop the abuse, but for personal reasons, those who knew of the crimes chose to remain quiet. All of these factors have the same thing in common: they each present a person or persons dealing with their own personal dilemmas. In the case of Celia, she could stand up to her master and face physical and emotional punishment and possibly death. It was a choice for h...

To Immunize or Not To Immunize, That is the Question Essay

To Immunize or Not To Immunize, That is the Question - Essay Example Through this method, the vaccine produced will have the capability of providing immunity against the virus, protecting the individual under consideration from falling sick. Vaccines also have the capability of eradicating the disease under consideration (Colgrove, 2007). A good example is the total eradication of small pox, which some generations ago, the disease was responsible for killing thousands and thousands of people (Merino, 2012). Due to immunization, the world health organization’s managed to contain the disease, and eradicate it completely. Currently, governments and health care institutions have a policy of vaccinating little children against polio. It is important to denote that polio has been contained, due to vaccination programs, even though it is not totally eradicated (Colgrove, 2007). It is within my belief, that in the coming years, there will be a total eradication of polio. This is all thanks to the vaccination programs being carried out by various health care institutions, and government agencies. Vaccinating people against a disease is always effective and safe. Vaccines are only administered to people after a long period of trials, and clinical tests, concerning the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine under consid eration (Merino, 2012). In as much as there will be some side effects when a vaccine is administered in an individual, it does not mean that the vaccine harmful to the individual concerned. On the contrary, these side effects such as fever, body rashes, are an indication that the vaccine under consideration is working (Studer and Douch, 2010). Most people associate the occurrence of fever in an individual as a bad thing. However, this is not always the case, as it depends with what type of fever an individual suffers from (Merino, 2012). The dangerous type of fever, are the ones that rise quickly, leading to seizures. However, fevers

Anthropology Reading Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropology Reading Analysis - Essay Example In Anne Fausot-Sterling's article, â€Å"The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female are not Enough,† Ann summarizes her opinions why the two dominant gender identities, which are socially, and medically accepted are not adequate in classifying every gender. Most modern societies accept the two obvious sexes: male, identified by having testicles and a penis and a Y-chromosome, and female, identified as having a clitoris and vagina, developed breasts, and deficient a Y-chromosome. Although the two genders mentioned above are undoubtedly the dominant sex groups, Fausto-Sterling maintains that there are many more intersexual existing in societies worldwide for them to be assumed as being abnormal incidences of nature. In a bid to reinforce her claim, Ann alludes to Johns Hopkins University psychologist John Money, who suggested the possibility that intersexual may constitute as much as 4 percent of the total births. Arguing from a world’s point of view, taking the world's total po pulation to be 7 billion, this would imply that there may be as many as 280 million intersexual on the planet. The author also defined the considerations of her five-sex classification system. We first have the well-known male and female, and then we have three other lesser-known groups. These include, but not limited to hermaphrodites, having one testis and also one ovary, male pseudo hermaphrodites, having certain features of the female genitalia and testes, but no ovaries, and female pseudo hermaphrodites, having some features of male genitalia and ovaries, but without testes. Today’s Society continues to be male controlled. In addition, scientific terms reflect a macho society. In her article, â€Å"The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles,† Martin maintains that Scientific writing has attempted to present the egg and the sperm with feminine and masculine characteristics respectively. This shows the sperm as the authoritative aggressor while the egg assumes a weak position. This perspective according to Martin is influenced by cultural stereotypes. Recently, the researchers Johns Hopkins University concluded that the sperm and egg attract together because of adhesive molecules on each surface. The egg traps the sperm and continues to wiggle ineffectively. However, this new account of the role of the sperm and the egg did little to help change the stereotype saga. Researchers most of whom made the discoveries continued to err in their time worn metaphor of the sperm being the active member which penetrates the egg. In conclusion, Martin compels us to correct one’s thinking about the science of one’s reproduction. Being conscious not to project stereotyped cultural imagery into studies will help improve one’s capability in understanding nature and avoid harm caused by gender bias in society. M. Miedzien’s intention of writing this article, â€Å"Real men, wimps, and one’s national security was to address the pending issue that failure to equip boys with masculine values will result in raising harmless male who will do anything to avoid violence and war. According to some, this may promote national disaster since other nations train their men ready to fight at the slightest provocation. The realists will say one’s national security is at stake.† He wanted to put this objection to rest, but his intention changed when he initiated his

Americans and Materialism Essay Example for Free

Americans and Materialism Essay The 1960s represented an era of significant economic growth for Americans. Some economists argue that the early 1960s began the consumerism that defines American culture today. To what extent did American materialism that is, the beliefs in the accumulation of personal wealth make Americans afraid of communism? The chances of a communism in America were extremely small; Americans loved their democratic capitalist government. They would have not traded it in for being communist. In reality we as Americans are consumed by things we see and hear on TV, by what we see our neighbors have, and by what many people think is important in life. Materialism is a huge problem in this country. It appears to get worse as technology increases and new gadgets are invented and easily obtained; but because some people become obsessed with having and they lose self-control of it. Discussion topic #2: Based upon your reading materials for this unit, do you agree or disagree that more government intervention is needed in the capitalist system? Please justify your response with concrete examples. Yes, there should be government intervention in to capitalistic system with some extent. I my opinion markets cannot exist without a government to protect property rights, enforce contracts and settle disputes all of which is intervention. This would benefit the economy in variety of ways. Firstly, government regulations allow businesses to remain in the private hands while removing some of the worst abuses of pure capitalism. Extremely wealthy people or companies have the ability to control large sections of the economy because smart business dealings. Only Government involvement can fix that. When a producer has a monopoly, the consumer is no longer autonomous, prices are not set by supply and demand, and therefore the system cannot function effectively. As a mixed economy there is competition between companies but we need government regulation to ensure that these types of monopolies do not exist. A safe amount of government intervention would result in higher incomes, production and employment, which would then lead to expansion. Limited government involvement prevents crises such as inflation, unemployment and depression. Without government the strong will take what they want from the weak and there will be no reason to voluntarily exchange good and services which is the sole purpose of buying and selling. (Harrison, chapter07). Harrison, Brigid C. and Thomas R. Dye. (2008) Power and Society. Cengage Learning. Mason, Ohio